KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS UDANG AIR TAWAR DI DESA TOAYA KECAMATAN SINDUE KABUPATEN DONGGALA BERDASARKAN DATA FENOTIPE

Freshwater shrimp are aquatic resources that play important ecological and economic roles and exhibit considerable species diversity,
characterized by variations in phenotypic traits. Information regarding the diversity of freshwater shrimp species and phenotypic variation
in Toaya Village remains limited; consequently, data on the level of phenotypic diversity among species are still largely unavailable. This
study aimed to identify the diversity of freshwater shrimp species and analyze their phenotypic characteristics, including morphometric
and meristic traits, using a multivariate analytical approach. This research employed a descriptive-exploratory design with random
sampling conducted across three observation stations. The collected freshwater shrimp specimens were identified based on morphological
characteristics using established scientific literature as references and were subsequently measured using 40 phenotypic characters. The
resulting data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic
Average (UPGMA). The results revealed the presence of four freshwater shrimp species, namely Macrobrachium mammilodactylus,
Macrobrachium empulipke, Macrobrachium equidens, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. These four species exhibited a phylogenetic
relationship with a similarity coefficient of approximately 0.78. At the species level, individuals showed high phenotypic similarity (0.97–
0.98), reflecting the consistency of phenotypic traits within each species. Principal Component Analysis demonstrated that the first two
principal components accounted for the majority of phenotypic variation, with the greatest contributions originating from specific
morphometric and meristic characters. This study concludes that the multivariate analytical approach applied was both effective and
efficient in revealing diversity patterns based on phenotypic characteristics.
Keywords: Diversity; Freshwater Shrimp; PCA; UPGMA; Sulawesi.