Pengendalian Korupsi Dalam Memperkuat Peran Anggaran Fungsi Pendidikan Dalam Pencapaian SDG 4 Di Indonesia

Disparities in education budgets across regions, limited access to remote areas, and low participation
rates at all educational levels represent significant challenges for Indonesia in achieving SDG 4 by
2030. This study investigates the contribution of education function expenditure to attaining SDG 4,
with corruption control as a moderating variable. Utilizing 1,016 observations of secondary data from
provincial, district, and city governments during 2021–2022, the findings reveal that education
budgets substantially support SDG 4 achievement. However, overly procedural corruption control
mechanisms diminish the effectiveness of budget utilization by restricting the flexibility in fund
allocation. The scientific contribution of this research lies in providing empirical evidence on the
moderating effect of corruption control on the effectiveness of education budgets in achieving SDG 4.
From a practical standpoint, the study recommends the adoption of adaptive, risk-based corruption
control mechanisms such as Risk-Based Internal Audit and performance-based fund disbursement
systems to strike a balance between accountability and flexibility in budget management. This study is
limited to district and city-level data over two years and focuses exclusively on the education function,
thus, its findings may not fully represent conditions at the provincial level or other SDG sectors. Future
research should broaden data coverage and incorporate qualitative methodologies to deepen
understanding of bureaucratic processes and corruption control dynamics